First anti-Igbo riots in the north

In May 1966, violent attacks against Igbo civilians erupted across northern Nigeria, particularly in cities like Kano, Kaduna, and Zaria. Northern crowds targeted Igbo traders, civil servants, and residents, killing hundreds and forcing thousands to flee southward. The violence was spontaneous but widespread, marking the first major ethnic pogrom in post-independence Nigeria.

The riots stemmed from growing northern resentment following the January 15 coup that killed northern political leaders including Prime Minister Tafawa Balewa and Premier Ahmadu Bello. Many northerners viewed the coup as an Igbo conspiracy, despite Igbo leaders also being killed. General Ironsi's Unification Decree in May, which abolished regional governments and appeared to centralize power under southern leadership, provided the immediate trigger for the explosion of ethnic tensions.