National census counts about 140.4 million people

Nigeria's 2006 census became the baseline for later demographic planning, projections, and political debate. As of this working dossier's May 2026 start date, no later full national census had been completed, making the 2006 count unusually consequential for estimates of poverty, education, health, and representation. Sources to strengthen: official NPC/gazette source needed; contemporary reference from [TechAfrica](https://tech.africa/nigerias-official-population-is-140-million/).