Dynastic changes in the eastern Niger Delta trading states

The wealth of the Atlantic trade drove dynastic changes in the eastern delta city-states before 1800: at Bonny, King Awusa ceded the throne to Perekule (Pepple), founder of the later royal line; the first Amakiri took power at Elem Kalabari; the Mingi dynasty arose at Nembe and the Ado at Okrika. Houses (Wari) became lineage-type trading organisations absorbing hinterland slaves, and the Amanyanabo office developed into an effective kingship.